Bergen County is the most populous area in the state of New Jersey in the US. In the 2017 Census estimate, the county population was 948,406, an increase of 4.8% from the 2010 US Census, which in turn represented a 20,998 (2.4%) increase of 884,118 calculated in the 2000 Census. Located in the northeast corner of New Jersey and the Gateway Region Bergen County is part of the New York City Metropolitan Area and just across the Hudson River from Manhattan, connected by the George Washington Bridge.
Bergen County is divided into 70 municipalities, but does not have a big city. Its most populous place, with 43,010 residents at the time of the 2010 census, is Hackensack, which is also its territory. Mahwah covers the largest area of ​​any municipality, at 26.19 square miles (67.8 km 2 ).
By 2015, the county has personal per capita income of $ 75,849, the fourth highest in New Jersey and the 45th of 3,113 counties in the United States. Bergen County is one of the richest districts in the United States, with an average household income of $ 81,708 per Census 2010, rising to about $ 84,677 in 2014, which is almost 18% higher than statewide states totaling $ 71.919. The district has an extensive park system with an area of ​​nearly 9,000 hectares (3,600 hectares).
Video Bergen County, New Jersey
Etymology
The origin of the name Bergen County is a matter of debate. It is believed that the county was named for one of the earliest settlements, Bergen, in the modern Hudson County region. However, the origin of the municipal name is disputed. Some sources associate the name with Bergen, Norway, while others associate it with Bergen, the Netherlands North in the Netherlands. Some sources say that the name came from one of the early settlers of New Amsterdam (now New York City), Hans Hansen Bergen, a native Norwegian, who arrived in New Netherlands in 1633.
Maps Bergen County, New Jersey
History
At the time of the first European contact, Bergen County was populated by Native Americans, notably the Lenape Nation, whose subgroups included Tappan, Hackensack, and Rumachenanck (later called Haverstraw), as named by the Dutch colonists. Some of their descendants were among the Ramapough Indians, who were recognized by the state in 1980. Their ancestors had moved into the mountains to avoid encroachment by Dutch and British colonizers. Their descendants mostly live in the northwest county, in the nearby Passaic County and in Rockland County, New York, trace their Lenape ancestors to speak the Munsee language, one of the three main dialects of their language. Over the years, they absorb other ethnicities with mixed marriage.
In the 17th century, the Dutch considered the area to be comprised of the current Bergen and Hudson regions as part of New Holland, their colonial province of the Dutch Republic. The Dutch claimed that after Henry Hudson (sailing for the Dutch East India Company) explored Newark Bay and tethered his ship at Weehawken Cove in 1609. From the earliest date, the Dutch began importing African slaves to meet their labor needs. Bergen County is finally the largest settler in the state. African slaves are employed to work in ports to support shipping, as well as for domestic servants, trade, and agricultural laborers.
Early settlement efforts by the Dutch included Pavonia (1633), Vriessendael (1640), and Achter Col (1642), but Native Americans rejected these settlements in the Kieft War (1643-1645) and Peach Tree War (1655-1660). European settlers returned to the west coast of the Hudson River in 1660 the formation of the City of Bergen, which will become the first permanent settlement of Europe in the territory of New Jersey today.
During the Second Anglo-Dutch War, on August 27, 1664, New Amsterdam's governor Peter Stuyvesant succumbed to the British Navy. The British organized the Province of New Jersey in 1665, subsequently dividing the territory to East Jersey and West Jersey in 1674. On 30 November 1675, the settlement of Bergen and its surrounding plantations and settlements was called Bergen County in an act authorized by the Assembly General province. In 1683, Bergen (along with three other native districts in East Jersey) was officially recognized as an independent territory by the Provincial Assembly.
Initially, Bergen County consisted only of land between the Hudson River and the Hackensack River, stretching northward to the border between East Jersey and New York. In January 1709, the boundaries were extended to cover all of the current Hudson County territories (formed in 1840) and parts of the Passaic County region (formed in 1837). The 1709 border is described as follows:
- "Starts at Constable's Hook, along the bay and the Hudson River to the point of partition between New Jersey and New York, along this line and the line between East and West Jersey to the Pequaneck River, down the Pequaneck River and Passaic toward the sound, and thus follow the sound to Constable's Hook where it started. "
- The line between East and West Jersey here is called not the end line adopted and is known as the Lawrence line, run by John Lawrence in September and October 1743. It is a compromise line agreed between Governor Daniel Coxe and Robert Barclay in 1682, which stretched slightly north of Morristown to the Passaic River; there until Pequaneck to forty-one degrees north latitude; and then from a straight line east to the New York State line. This line was later rejected by East Jersey owners, who last got Lawrence's path.
Bergen was the site of several battles and troop movements during the American Revolutionary War. The location of Fort Lee on the cliffs of New Jersey Palisades, opposite Fort Washington in Manhattan, made it a strategic position during the war. In November 1776, the Battle of Fort Lee took place as part of a British plan to capture George Washington and destroy the Continental Army, whose troops were divided and located at Fort Lee and Hackensack. After leaving the defenses at Fort Lee and leaving a sizable inventory, Continental troops scrambled hastily through Englewood, Teaneck and Bergenfield at this time, and crossed the Hackensack River at New Bridge Landing, one of the few sites where the river was located. crossed the bridge. They destroyed the bridge to delay the British attack at Washington's headquarters in the village of Hackensack. The next day, George Washington retreated to Newark and left Hackensack via Polifly Road. The British troops are chasing, and Washington continues to retreat in New Jersey. The retreat allowed American troops to escape capture and regroup for the subsequent success against England elsewhere in New Jersey later that winter. Immediately after the Battle of Princeton in January 1777, British troops realized that they could not spread themselves in New Jersey. Local militiamen recapture Hackensack and the rest of Bergen County. Bergen County saw combat throughout the war when troops from both sides maneuvered across the countryside.
The Baylor massacre occurred in 1778 at River Vale, which resulted in heavy losses to the Continent.
In 1837, County Passaic was formed from parts of Bergen and Essex County. In 1840, Hudson County was formed from Bergen. These two divisions take about 13,000 inhabitants (nearly half of the previous population) from the country rolls.
In 1852, the Erie Railroad began operating a major railway service from Jersey City on the Hudson River to point north and west through lease rights in the area. This is known as Erie Main Line, and is still used for today's passenger services. Erie then rented two other railroads built in the 1850s and 1860s, later known as the Pascack Valley Line and the Northern Branch, and in 1881 built a cutoff, now the Bergen County Line. There are two other railroads in the county, eventually known as the West Shore Railroad and New York, Susquehanna, and Western.
In 1894, the laws of the state were changed to allow for the establishment of an easy city with the form of Borough government. This led to the phenomenon of "boroughitis", in which many new municipalities were created within a span of several years. There were 26 boroughs formed in the area in 1894 alone, with two boroughs (and a new township) established in 1895.
On January 11, 1917, the Kingsland Explosion occurred at an ammunition plant in what is now Lyndhurst. The explosion was believed to have been an act of sabotage by German agents, because the ammunition was aimed at Russia, part of a US effort to supply allies before entering World War I. After the US entered into war in April 1917, Camp Merritt was created in eastern Bergen County for staging troops. Beginning operations in August 1917, he stationed 50,000 troops at a time, staging them for deployment to Europe via Hoboken. Camp Merritt closed in November 1919.
The George Washington Bridge was completed in 1931, connecting Fort Lee to Manhattan. This relationship spurred rapid development in the post-World War II era, expanding most of the area to suburban levels. Two lines were added to the top level in 1946 and a second stack of traffic on the bridge was completed in 1962, extending its capacity to 14 lanes.
In 1955, the United States Army created a Nike Missile station in Campgaw Mountain (in the western part of the county) to defend the New York Metropolitan Area from strategic bombers. In 1959, the site was upgraded to a Nike-Hercules Missile house with increased range, speed, and load characteristics. The missile site was closed in June 1971.
Geography
Bergen County is located in the northeastern corner of the state of New Jersey and borders Rockland County, New York to the north; by Manhattan and Bronx in New York City, as well as by Westchester County, New York, across the Hudson River to the east; and in New Jersey, by Hudson County as well as a small frontier with Essex County to the south, and by Passaic County to the west.
According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of ​​246,671 square miles (638.87 km 2 ), which is 233,009 sq miles (603,49 km 2 ) (94.5 %) is land and 13,662 square miles (35.38 km 2 ) (5.5%) is water.
The highest elevation in Bergen County is Bald Mountain near the state line of New York in Mahwah, at an altitude of 1,164 feet (355 m) above sea level. The lowest point of the district is the sea level, along the Hudson River, which in this region is a tidal estuary.
The sharp cliffs of New Jersey's Palisade lifted much of the eastern boundary of the area from the Hudson River. Relief becomes less clear in the central part of the county, many of which are located in the valley of the Hackensack River or Pascack Valley. In the northwestern part of the county, Bergen County becomes hilly again and shares the Ramapo Mountains with Rockland County, New York.
The damming of the Hackensack River and its tributaries, Pascack Brook, produces three reservoirs in the area, the Woodcliff Lake Reservoir (which confiscates a billion gallons of water), Lake Tappan (3.5 billion gallons), and Oradell Reservoir, allowing the United States to provide water drinking for 750,000 residents of northern New Jersey, mostly in Bergen and Hudson districts. The Hackensack River flows through the eastern part of the county through the New Jersey Meadowlands, a wetland area in the southern part of the county. The middle part is dried by the Saddle River and the western part is dried by the Ramapo River. Both are tributaries of the Passaic River, which form part of the southwestern border of the area.
Climate
Southeastern Bergen County is situated on the edge of the humid subtropical climate zone according to the KÃÆ'¶ppen climate classification because the coldest month (January) averages above 26.6 Â ° F/-3 Â ° C. Partly due to the coastal location of Bergen, its elevation is lower , and partial protection of the region from cold air by the three mountains of the Watchung Mountains as well as by the higher Appalachians, the climate of Bergen County is lighter than in the New Jersey district. farther inland like Sussex County. Bergen County has a fairly sunny climate, averaging between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine each year.
In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Hackensack have ranged from 19 Â ° F (-7 Â ° C) lows in January to a high of 86 Â ° F (30 Â ° C) in July, despite a record low -15 Â ° F (-26 Â ° C) was recorded in February 1934 and a record high of 106 Â ° F (41 Â ° C) was recorded in July 1936. The average monthly rainfall ranges from 3.21 inches (82 mm) in February to 4.60 inches (117 mm) in July.
Demographics
Bergen County is the most densely populated district in New Jersey, with an estimated population of 948,406 by 2017, 105,608 higher than Middlesex County, the second-ranked country. Bergen County accounts for 10.3% of the country's population in 2010, rising to 10.5% by 2017.
Bergen County's annual property taxes are the second highest of any New Jersey area by 2015 (after Essex County), averaging $ 11,078. In Bergen County, Alpine residents pay the highest average property taxes by 2015, at $ 20,888, followed by Tenafly ($ 19,254) and Demarest ($ 17,937). Alpine has the fourth highest average property tax in the state by 2015 while Tenafly is ranked sixth.
Census 2010
In the 2010 US Census, there were 905,116 people, 335,730 households, and 238,704 families living in the area. Population density was 3.884.5 per square mile (1.499.8/km 2 ). There are 352,388 housing units with an average density of 1,512.3 per square mile (583.9/km 2 ). The racial makeup of the county is 71.89% (650,703) White, 5.80% (52,473) Black or African American, 0.23% (2,061) Native Americans, 14.51% (131,329) Asia, 0.03% 229) of the Pacific Islands, 5.04% (45,611) of other races, and 2.51% (22,710) of two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race is 16.05% (145,281) of the population.
There were 335,730 households in which 32% had children under 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 10.9% had non-husbands female households, and 28.9% were non-family. 24.6% of all households are made up of individuals, and 10.5% have someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.2.
In this area, the population is spread by 22.6% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 29% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% or more. The median age was 41.1 years. For every 100 women there are 92.9 men. For every 100 women age 18 and older there are 89.8 men.
2000 Census
In the 2000 US Census, there were 884,118 people, 330,817 households, and 235,210 families living in the area. Population density is 3,776 people per square mile (1,458/km²). There are 339,820 housing units with an average density of 1,451 per square mile (560/km²). District racial makeup is 78.41% non-Hispanic whites, 10.67% Asia, 5.27% black, 0.15% Native Americans, 0.02% Pacific Islands, 3.22% of other races, and 2.26% non-Hispanic reported two or more races. 10.34% of the population is Hispanic or Latino from any race. Among residents enrolling their ancestors, 22.0% came from Italy, 15.1% Ireland, 11.2% Germany and 7.4% of Polish descent according to the 2000 Census.
There are 330,817 households 32.10% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.90% are married couples living together, 9.70% have non-husbands female households, and 28.90% are not family. 24.70% of all households consist of individuals and 10.20% have a person who lives alone aged 65 years or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.17. The age distribution is 23.00% under the age of 18, 6.60% from 18 to 24, 30.60% from 25 to 44, 24.50% from 45 to 64, and 15.20% 65 years or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 women, there are 92.80 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 89.40 males.
The average income for households in the area is $ 65,241, and the average income for families is $ 78,079. Men have an average income of $ 51,346 compared to $ 37,295 for women. The per capita income for the county is $ 33,638. Approximately 3.4% of families and 5.0% of the population are below the poverty line, including 4.9% of those under the age of 18 and 5.90% of those aged 65 and older.
Diversity of communities
Given its location as a suburban extension of Manhattan along the George Washington Bridge, Bergen County has developed its own global cosmopolitan atmosphere, demonstrating a strong and growing demographic and cultural diversity with respect to metrics including nationality, religion, race, and domiciliary partnerships. South Korea, Poland, and India are the three most common birth nations for Bergen County residents born overseas.
Italian Italian
Italian Americans have long had a significant presence in Bergen County; In fact, Italy was the first common ancestor identified among the Bergen population (18.5%), with 168,974 Bergen residents listed as Italy's legacy in the 2013 Community Community Survey.
To date, many residents of the Meadowlands community in the south of the county are of Italian descent, especially in South Hackensack (36.3%), Lyndhurst (33.8%), Carlstadt (31.2%), Wood-Ridge (30.9% ) and Hasbrouck Elevation (30.8%). Saddle Brook (29.8%), Lodi (29.4%), Moonachie (28.5%), Garfield, Hackensack, and the cities in southeast Bergen are Italian fortresses for decades, but the Italo-American demography they have been reduced in recent years because new immigrants have taken their place. At the same time, Italian Americans have grown in many affluent communities in the north of the county, including Franklin Lakes, Ramsey, Montvale, and Woodcliff Lake.
Latin America
The diverse population of Hispanics and Latin America in Bergen is growing in many areas of the region but is mainly concentrated in some municipalities, including Fairview (37.1%), Hackensack (25.9%), Ridgefield Park (22.2%), Englewood (21.8%). %), Bogota (21.3%), Garfield (20.1%), Cliffside Park (18.2%), Lodi (18.0%), and Bergenfield (17.0%). Traditionally, many Latins are descendants of Colombia and Cuba, though have changed in recent years. The Englewood Colombian community is the largest in Bergen County and includes the top ten in the United States (7.17%); Hackensack, Fairview, Bergenfield, Bogota, and Lodi also have important populations. The Cuban population is the largest in Fairview, Ridgefield Park, Ridgefield, and Bogota, although the Cuban community is much larger in Hudson County in the south. Since 2000, more and more immigrants from other countries have entered the region, including people from Peru, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Chile, and from the Puerto Rico region in the US. The diverse backgrounds of the local Latino community are best exemplified in Fairview, where 10% of the total population comes from Central America, 7% of South America, and 9% of other Latin American countries, notably the Caribbean. Overall, the Latino Bergen County population has shown a robust increase of 145,281 on the 2010 census calculations to around 165,442 in 2013.
Western European States
Irish Americans and German Americans are the next largest ethnic group of individuals in Bergen County, totaling 115,914 in 2013 (12.7% of the county's total population) and 80,288 (8.8%) respectively. As with Italian Americans, the two groups have developed large sized pockets all the time and are now well established in all areas of the region.
American Jew
Bergen County is home to the largest Jewish population in New Jersey. Many municipalities in the county are home to a large number of American Jews, including Fair Lawn, Teaneck, Tenafly, Closter, Englewood, Englewood Cliffs, Fort Lee, Bergenfield, Woodcliff Lake, Paramus, and Franklin Lakes. Teaneck, Fair Lawn, Englewood, and Bergenfield in particular have become shelter for the growing Orthodox Jewish community in Bergen County, with an increasing number of synagogues and supermarkets and restaurants offering halal food. The largest American Israeli community in Bergen County was in Fair Lawn (2.5%), Closter (1.4%), and Tenafly (1.3%) in 2000, representing three of the four largest in the state. Overall, 83,700 Bergen residents identified themselves as Jewish inheritance in 2000, an amount expected to show an increase per survey of 2014 against Jews in the area.
Korean American
The top ten cities in the United States ranked as a percentage of Korean Americans overall population in 2010 are illustrated in the following table:
One of the fastest-growing groups of immigrants in Bergen County is the Korean American community, which is concentrated along the Hudson River - especially in the area near the George Washington Bridge - and represents more than half of Korea's population all over the country in 2000. In the 2010 Census, people from Korean ancestors comprised 6.3% of the Bergen County population (increased to 6.9% by the 2011 American Community Survey to about 63,247), which is the highest percentage for any region in the United States; while the concentration of Koreans in Taman Palisades, in Bergen County, is the highest density and percentage of any municipality in the United States, in 52.5% of the population. Per Census 2010, Palisades Park is home to the highest total (10,115) people from Korean ancestors among all cities in the state while Fort Lee's neighbor has the second largest group (8,318), and the fourth highest proportion (23.5% , Leonia left behind (26.5%) and Ridgefield (25.7%)). All the top ten cities according to the percentage of Koreans in 2010 are located in Bergen County, including Palisades Park, Leonia, Ridgefield, Fort Lee, Closter, Englewood Cliffs, Norwood, Edgewater, Cresskill and Demarest, followed by Old Tappan. Almost all municipalities with the highest concentration of Koreans are located in the east of the three counties, near the Hudson River, although Ridgewood has emerged as a nexus of Korean Americans in western Bergen County, and Paramus and River Edge in the center of Bergen County. Beginning in 2012, regional ballot papers are printed in Korean Hangul (?), In addition to English and Spanish, given the US Census Bureau's directions that the Bergen County Korean population has grown large enough to ensure language assistance during election. Korean chaebols have established North American headquarters in Bergen County, including Samsung, LG Corp, and Hanjin Shipping. In April 2018, the largest Korean-themed supermarket in Bergen County opened in Paramus.
Polish America
Polish Americans are well represented in western Bergen County and flourish as a community, with 59,294 (6.5%) Polish descendants living in the area by the 2013 American Community Survey. The cultural and commercial heart of society has long been based in Wallington, where 45.5% of the population are of Polish descent; this is the largest concentration among New Jersey municipalities and the seventh highest in the United States. The adjacent Garfield town is also a magnet for Polish immigrants, with 22.9% of the population identifying themselves as Polish descent, the third highest concentration in the state.
African American
The African American community in the region is almost entirely concentrated in three municipalities: Englewood (10,215 inhabitants, accounting for 38.98% of the city's total population), Teaneck (11.298; 28.78%), and Hackensack (10,518; 24.65%). Collectively, these three areas account for nearly 70% of the total African American population in the region of 46,568, and in fact, blacks have been present in these cities since the early days of the county. In contrast, African Americans comprise less than 2% of the total in most other municipalities in Bergen. At Englewood, the African American population is concentrated in the Third and Fourth wards in the western part of the city, while the northeastern part of Teaneck has been an enclave of African Americans for decades. In 2014, Teaneck chose the first African-American mayor. The long established African American community in Hackensack is primarily located in the central part of the city, especially in areas near Central Avenue and First Street. Bergen County's black population has decreased from 52,473 calculated in the 2010 Census to an estimated 50,478 in 2012. Other municipalities with a considerable minority of African-Americans include Bergenfield (7.7%), Bogota (9.4%), Garfield ( 6.5%), Lodi (7.5%) and Ridgefield Park (6.4%)
Indian American
American Indians, or Asian Indians, represent a rapidly growing demographic in Bergen County, mentioning more than 40,000 people by 2013, a significant increase of 24,973 counted in the 2010 Census, and representing the second largest Asian ethnic group in Bergen County, after Korean Americans. The largest groups of American Indians are located in Hackensack, Ridgewood, Fair Lawn, Paramus, Teaneck, Mahwah, Bergenfield, Lodi, and Elmwood Park. In the Indian population of the region is the largest Malay community in the United States, and Kerala-based Kitex Garments, India's largest clothing manufacturer, opened its first office in the US at Montvale in October 2015. Villagers of Glen Rock Gurbir Grewal, a Sikh India that grew up in Bergen County. community, was inaugurated as a district attorney's position in 2016, and an architecturally renowned Sikh lives in Glen Rock, while a leading Hindu mandir has been built in Mahwah. Public libraries at Fair Lawn start a Hindi storytelling program (??????) in October 2013. The prosperous cities of northern Bergen County witnessed significant growth in their American Indian community, including Glen Rock, where 90% of this constituency is estimated by one member in 2014 to move in the previous two year period alone. In February 2015, the Glen Rock Public School education council chose to appoint the Diwali Hindu Holy Day as an annual school holiday, making it the first district in the area to be closed for the holidays, while thousands celebrated the first regional election of Diwali festivities under a banner sponsorship united in 2016. The annual "Holi in the Village" festival has been launched at Ridgewood.
Russian Russia (and other Soviet America)
Fair Lawn, Tenafly, Alpine, and Fort Lee are central to Russian Americans, including the evolving Russian Jewish community. Garfield is home to the prominent Russian Orthodox church. Similarly, Ukrainian Americans, Georgian Americans, and Uzbek Americans have recently followed in the footsteps of their predecessors in America to Bergen County, in particular to Fair Lawn. The size of Fair Lawn's presence in Russian America has pushed the satire entitled â € Å"Putin Moves Against Fair Lawnâ €. Armenian American citizens in Bergen are scattered throughout the region, but the most significant concentration is in the southeastern cities near the George Washington Bridge. The victims of Armenian Genocide are recognized annually at the Bergen District Court in Hackensack.
Filipino America
Bergenfield, along with Paramus, Hackensack, New Milford, Dumont, Fair Lawn, and Teaneck, have been a growing center for Filipino Americans. Overall, this municipality is home to most Filipinos in Bergen County. An estimated census of 20,859 Filipinos living in Bergen County in 2013, realizing an increase from 19,155 counted in 2010. Between 2000 and 2010, the Filipino-American population of Bergenfield grew from 11.7%, or 3,081, to 17, 1%, or 4,569, and increased further to 5,062 (18.4%) by 2016. Bergenfield is informally known as Little Manila from Bergen County, with significant concentrations of Filipino population and business. In the late 1990s, Bergenfield became the first municipality on the East Coast of the United States to elect a Philippine mayor, Robert C. Rivas. The annual festival of the Philippine American Festival is held in Bergenfield. The Bergen Regional People's Organization (PACBC) in the Philippines-America is based in Paramus, while other Philippine organizations are based in Fair Lawn and Bergenfield. The culturally active Norwegian community of Bergen repatriates significant financial aid to victims of Hurricane Haiyan, which struck the Philippines in November 2013.
Chinese Americans
The American Chinese population also spread, with considerable populations in Fort Lee, Paramus, Ridgewood, River Edge, and Englewood Cliffs. Fort Lee and Paramus have the highest total Chinese amongst the Bergen cities while Englewood Cliffs has the highest percentage (8.42%). Several school districts throughout the region have added Chinese Mandarin to their curriculum.
Japanese American
The Japanese community, which includes large numbers of Japanese, has long been present at Fort Lee, with more than a quarter of Japan's total population living in the region alone. The adjacent Edgewater also developed an active Japanese American community, especially after the construction of the largest Japanese-oriented commercial center on the East Coast of the USA in the region. As of March 2011, about 2,500 Japanese Americans living in Fort Lee and Edgewater combined; this is the largest concentration of Japanese Americans in New Jersey. The rest of the Japanese population in Bergen County is concentrated in the northern community, including Ridgewood. The Japanese-American Society of New Jersey is based in Fort Lee.
Balkan American
The Americans of Greek descent had a considerable presence in Bergen for decades, and according to the 2000 census data, the Greek community numbered 13,241 districts. Greek restaurants abound in Bergen County. The largest concentration of Greeks by percentage in the county was at Englewood Cliffs (7.2%), Alpine (5.2%), Fort Lee (3.7%), and Palisades Park (3.5%). The Macedonian and Albanian Americans arrived relatively recently in New Jersey, but quickly set up areas in Bergen County, approximately adjacent, in Garfield, Elmwood Park, and Fair Lawn.
American Muslims
Bergen County also has a large Muslim population of 6,473 as the 2000 census. Teaneck and Hackensack have emerged as the two most significant Muslim enclaves in the county, with the 18th annual American Muslim Union brunch meeting held in Teaneck in 2016. The Muslim population of Bergen consists mainly of Arab Americans, South Asians, African Americans, and more recently, the Macedonian and Albanian Americans, although it should be noted that many members of this group practice other religions. While Arab Americans do not yet have a significant presence in a particular municipality, there are a total of 11,755 inhabitants of the region who show ancestral Arabs in the 2000 census. The majority of Arab Americans in Bergen (64.3%) were formed by people from Lebanon (2,576) Syria (2,568), and Egypt (2,417) descendants. The city's restaurants provide a choice of late-night and late-dawn dining during the holy month of Ramadan.
Iranian Americans
The relatively new community of Iranian-Americans has appeared in Bergen County, including people in professional jobs scattered throughout the region.
same-sex couples
Same-sex couples lead one in 160 households in 2010, before the start of same-sex marriage in New Jersey on 21 October 2013. On June 28, 2016, Bergen County officials for the first time lifted gay rainbow pride. flag in the local administrative building in Hackensack to commemorate the gay rights movement.
Housing expenses
According to national standards, expensive housing in Bergen County. As of May 2015, the average house price in Bergen County was $ 465,000; However, the median figure believes significant variations are recorded between more and less affluent cities in this area.
In the 2012 Forbes magazine ranking of The Most Expensive ZIP Code in the United States , Alpine is ranked the two most expensive in the country, with an average house selling price of $ 5,745,038. There are a total of 12 city districts listed in the top 500, the Englewood Cliffs (# 129; $ 1,439,115), Saddle River (# 133; $ 1,427,515), Franklin Lakes (# 190; $ 1,176,229), Tenafly (# 286; $ 913,553) , Demare (# 325; $ 852,010), Cresskill (# 362; $ 794,073), Ho-Ho-Cus (# 364; $ 788,626), Wyckoff (# 376; $ 776,303), Woodcliff Lake (# 391; $ 752,161) , Montvale (# 455; $ 640,825) and Allendale (# 481; $ 579,081). In the 2006 list of magazines, Alpine was ranked the 15th most expensive in the country, with the average home selling price in 2005 of $ 1.790,000 ranking as the highest state. In total, 11 municipalities of Bergen County are also represented on the list next to Alpine, including Englewood Cliffs (ranked # 78, average selling price $ 1,112,500), Saddle River (# 107; $ 997,000), Franklin Lakes (# 111; $ 985,000 Woodcliff Lake (# 266; $ 786,000), Haworth (# 342; $ 747,500), Demarest (# 350; $ 742,000), Ho-Ho-Cus (# 353; $ 740,000), Wyckoff (# 405; $ 700,000 ), Closter (# 452); $ 684,000) and Ridgewood (# 470; $ 675,000).
The first construction of two skyscrapers covered with 47-story glass starts in 2013 at Fort Lee, a district where high-rise residential complexes are a prominent feature and one of the Hudson Waterfront community of Northern New Jersey that has been called New York City's Sixth Area; this upscale apartment tower, located near the gateway to George Washington Bridge leading to Manhattan, represents the tallest building to be built to date in Bergen County.
Transportation
Bergen County has a well-developed road network, including the northern end of the New Jersey Turnpike (part of Interstate 95) and Garden State Parkway, the eastern end of Interstate 80, and part of Interstate 287. US Highway 1/9, 9W, 46, 202 , and New Jersey state highways 3, 4, 17, 120, 208, and Palisades Interstate Parkway also serve the area. With an average volume of 210,000 passing vehicles daily, junction of Routes 4 and 17 is one of the busiest in the world.
The George Washington Bridge, connecting Fort Lee in Bergen County across the Hudson River to the Upper Manhattan section of New York City, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge. Access to New York City is available alternatively for riders through the Lincoln Tunnel and the Dutch Tunnel in Hudson County. Access across the Hudson River to Westchester County in New York is available using Tappan Zee Bridge in Rockland County, New York.
In May 2010, the county had a total of 2,988.59 miles (4,809.67 km) of highway, of which 2,402.78 miles (3,866.90 km) were maintained by the municipality, 438.97 miles (706.45 km) by Bergen County, 106.69 miles (171.70 km) by the New Jersey Transport Department and 40.15 miles (64.62 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.
Train services are available on three lines from NJ Transit: Bergen County Line, Main Line, and Pascack Valley Line. They ran north-south to the Hoboken Terminal with connections to the PATH train. NJ Transit also offers a liaison service to New York Penn Station in Secaucus Junction. Connections are also available at the Hoboken Terminal to the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail ferry service and New York Waterways to the World Financial Center and other destinations.
Despite its name, the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail has not fled to Bergen County, although the northern extension of Hudson County to Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, known as the Northern Branch Corridor Project, has been forwarded to the draft environmental impact statement by NJ Transit. The proposed Passaic-Bergen Railway, with two station stops at Hackensack, has not advanced since the announcement of 2008. Access to the Teral Terrain rail tunnel project will allow many commuter trains in Bergen County to board a seat to Manhattan but canceled in October 2010.
Local and express bus services are available from NJ Transit and private companies such as Academy Bus Line, Coach USA, DeCamp Bus Lines and Red and Tan Lines, offering transportation within Bergen County, elsewhere in New Jersey and to Port Authority Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal in New York City. In a study conducted to determine the best possible route for the BRT (bus rapid transit) Bergen system, many malls and other "activity generators" around the intersections of routes 4 and 17 will be at the core of each system. Although no funding for the construction of the project has been identified, studies commencing in 2012 will determine the optimal route.
There is one airport in the area, Teterboro Airport in Teterboro, operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The three busiest commercial airports in the New York City metropolitan area, JFK International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport and La Guardia Airport are all located within 25 miles of Bergen County.
For major surface routes along the county, see List of county routes in Bergen County, New Jersey.
Education
Bergen County is home to several colleges and universities:
- Bergen Community College - Paramus, with other centers in Hackensack and Lyndhurst
- Fairleigh Dickinson University - Teaneck and Hackensack
- Felician University - Lodi and Rutherford
- Ramapo - Mahwah College.
- University of Saint Peter - Englewood Cliffs
Bergen has about 45 public high schools and at least 23 private secondary schools. Three of the top ten high schools from 339 schools in New Jersey are located in Bergen County, ranked 2014 by the New Jersey Monthly magazine, including Highschool Northern Highlands at Allendale (# 3), Pascack Hills High School in Montvale (# 7), and Glen Rock High School in Glen Rock (# 8). The magazine list does not include the Bergen County Academy (BCA), which as the country's magnetic high school in Hackensack continues to be recognized by various ranks as one of the best high schools in the United States. By 2014, BCA has an average HSPA score of 294 out of 300 and an average SAT score of 2103 out of 2400.
Art and culture
The Bergen Performing Arts Center (PAC) is based in Englewood, while many museums are located throughout the area. In September 2014, New Jersey Community Foundation New Englewood announced an initiative known as ArtsBergen, a centralized body with the aim of connecting artists and art organizations with one another in Bergen County.
City
In the last decades of the nineteenth century, Bergen County, to a much greater degree than other regions of the state, began to divide its cities into ruled territories; this is mainly due to the phenomenon of "boroughitis", triggered by a number of loopholes in state laws that allow the borough to levy lower taxes and send more members to the free board in the region. There was a 10-year period in which many Bergen County towns disappeared into patchwork from the present borough, before the state law governing the amalgamation of the city was changed.
Cities in Bergen County (with 2010 Census data for populations, housing units and areas) are:
Historic cities
During the history of the county, there are various separations of cities, annexations and renamings. The following is a partial list of former municipalities, ordered by the year of establishment.
Economy
Biggest employer
According to Bergen County Economic Development Corporation, the largest company in Bergen County as of November 2012, as ranked with at least 1,000 employees in this area, is as follows:
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, 8,000
- Valley Health System, Ridgewood, 4,660
- Laboratory of Bio-Reference, Inc., Elmwood Park, 2,900
- Medco Health Solutions, Franklin Lakes, 2.800 (no longer an independent company)
- County Bergen, Hackensack, 2,390
- Diagnostic Search, Teterboro/Lyndhurst, 2.200
- KPMG, Montvale, 2.100
- Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, 2002,
- Englewood Hospital Health Care Services, Englewood, 1985
- Unilever Bestfoods, Englewood Cliffs, 1,900
- Stryker Corporation, Allendale/Mahwah, 1,812
- Bergen Regional Medical Center, Paramus, 1,746
- Medical Center of Holy Names, Teaneck, 1,695
- Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, 1,500
- Crestron Electronics, Rockleigh/Cresskill, 1,500
- BMW North America, Woodcliff Lake, 1,000
In January 2015, Mercedes-Benz USA announced that it would move its headquarters from a small area of ​​Montvale in Bergen County to Atlanta, Georgia in July. The company has been based in northern New Jersey since 1972 and already has 1,000 employees on a 37-hectare campus in Montvale. Despite an incentive offer from the State of New Jersey to stay in Bergen County, Mercedes-Benz cites its proximity to Alabama's manufacturing facilities and growing customer base in the southeastern United States, in addition to the $ 50 million tax incentives from the Georgian government. institution, in explaining his decision to move. However, Mercedes-Benz USA also expressed its intention to maintain its regional headquarters in the Northeast at Montvale and to build a "state-of-the-art" training center in the borough as well.
Building permissions
In 2011, Bergen County issued 1,903 new building permits for residential construction, the largest number in New Jersey.
Retail
The retail industry, anchored in Paramus, is Bergen County's economic base, with a combined salary of $ 1.7 billion in 2012.
Blue law
One of the last remaining blue laws in the United States that covers most retail sales, in addition to food and gasoline (among other limited goods), is found in Bergen County. The blue law imposed in that area is actually a state law that can be rejected by individual states through a voter referendum, with 20 of the 21 states having voted to reject the legal option to enforce the law. Thus one of the largest and most popular commercial shopping centers in the New York metropolitan area is almost completely closed on Sundays (grocery stores, department stores, gas stations, hotels, restaurants, pharmacies, entertainment venues, and other excluded companies that do not sell clothing, shoes, furniture, electronics, hardware, and household appliances are among the businesses allowed to operate). In addition, Bergen County has a Jewish population (approx. 2000 83,700) and Muslims (estimated 2,000 6,473) residents whose observer members will not celebrate Sunday Sabbath with most of their Christian neighbors. A substantial minority of Orthodox Jews are placed in a position to be unable to shop on Sunday (due to blue law) or on Saturday (due to religious observance).
However, repeated attempts by voters to reject the law have failed. Most of the reasons for defending the law have been the desire of many Bergen County residents for relative peace and relief, with less traffic, on a single day of the week. This desire for relative peace is most evident in Paramus, where most of the city's largest shopping malls are located, along the intersecting highways on Route 4 and Route 17, which are crowded on many Saturdays. Paramus has imposed its own blue law even tighter than that imposed by Bergen County, banning all forms of "worldly work" on Sundays, including white-collar workers in office buildings. Despite this rigorous blue law, Paramus (07652) has become the top retail postal code in the United States, with municipalities generating more than $ 5 billion in annual retail sales. The local Blue law at Paramus was first proposed in 1957, while the Bergen Mall and Garden State Plaza are under construction. The law was motivated by fears that two new malls will exacerbate the already severe road congestion caused by local retail businesses along the region's seven-day highway and to preserve a day where roads are less crowded. In November 2012, Governor Chris Christie issued an executive order to temporarily suspend the blue law because of the effects of Hurricane Sandy. The blue law was suspended on November 11 but returned to effect on 18 November.
Minimum wage
In November 2017, local executive James Tedesco raised the minimum wage for a full-time Bergen County worker to US $ 15 per hour, an increase from the prevailing state minimum wage at $ 8.44 per hour. This increase is the first increase in the minimum wage paid to employees from each New Jersey region.
Law and government
Local government
Bergen has had the form of County executive administration since voters voted for the first executive in 1986, joining the Atlantic, Essex, Hudson and Mercer counties as one of 5 of 21 New Jersey districts with an elected executive. The executive oversees the district business, while the seven-member Council of elected shareholders maintains the legislative and supervisory role. Rights holders are elected for a large tenure of up to three years in the office on a staggered basis, with two or three seats coming for election each year in a three-year cycle. All members of government bodies were massively elected partisan as part of the November election. By 2016, the rights holder is exempt for $ 28,312 and the head of the free rights holders is an annual salary of $ 29,312.
Daily oversight of county operations and departments was delegated to Acting Area Administrator Julien X. Neals, who is also County Counsel. Neals paid $ 121,000 for his job as an advisor and an additional compensation of $ 50,000 for his role as administrator, making him the lowest paid state administrator in all 21 of his territories.
By 2018, the County Executive is Democrat James J. Tedesco III of Paramus, whose term ends 31 December 2018. The Bergen County freeholder is:
- Freeholder Chairman Thomas J. Sullivan Jr., (D, Montvale, the term holder of the rights expires in 2019; the term as title holder ends in 2018),
- Freeholder Vice Chairperson Germaine M. Ortiz (D, Emerson, the term holder of free rights expires in 2019; the term as vice-chairman of rights holders expires in 2018),
- The Chairman of the Pro-Tempore Freeholder Mary J. Amoroso (D, Mahwah, the term holder of free rights expires in 2019; the term as head of the pro-temporary free rights holder ends 2018),
- David L. Ganz (D, Fair Lawn, 2020),
- Steve Tanelli (D, North Arlington, 2018),
- Joan Voss (D, Fort Lee, 2020) and
- Tracy Silna Zur (D, Franklin Lakes, 2018),
In accordance with Article VII Part II of the New Jersey State Constitution, every county in New Jersey is required to have three elected administrative officials known as "constitutional officers." These officers are County Clerk and County Surrogate (both selected for a five-year term) and Sheriff County (elected for three years). The Bergen County constitutional authorities are:
- County Clerk John S. Hogan (D, Northvale, 2021)
- Sheriff Michael Saudino (D, Emerson, 2019)
- Replaces Michael R. Dressler (D, Cresskill, 2021)
The Bergen District Prosecutor is Dennis Calo. Calos were inducted into office in January 2018 after Gurbir Grewal from Glen Rock left office to become New Jersey Attorney General. Grewal was initially nominated for office by Governor Chris Christie in September 2013, but the New Jersey Senate took no action against the original nominations and Christie handed back the nomination in September 2015.
Bergen County is the Vicinage 2 of the New Jersey High Court, which sits at the Bergen County Justice Center in Hackensack; The Assignment Judge for Vicinage 2 is Bonnie J. Mizdol.
In 2014, Freeholder James Tedesco challenged plane Kathleen Donovan on a platform that highlights his own plans to incorporate county police departments with the sheriff's office, as well as Donovan's connection to the latest scandal in the state government of New Jersey, including the national report "Bridgegate" "Scandal and alleged abuse campaign funding among his staff.The election results showed Tedesco with 54.2% of the vote (107,958), over Donovan with 45.8% (91,299), in a race in which Tedesco's campaign spent almost $ 1 million, outperforming Donovan by 2 -1.
In November 2010, County Representative Kathleen Donovan won the race for the County Executive, defeating Dennis McNerney in his bid for a third term. Three Customs Holders, Chairman James Carroll, Freeholder Elizabeth Calabrese, and Freeholder John Hogan were all beaten by Franklin Lakes Republican challenger Mayor Maura DeNicola, former member of the John Felice River Edge Council and Cliffside Park resident John Mitchell. Incumbent Bergen County Sheriff Leo McGuire also failed in his attempt for a third term as he was defeated by Emerson Chief Mike Saudino. As a result of the 2010 election, Republicans controlled the Bergen County government for the first time in nearly a decade, with County Executive Kathleen Donovan and 5-2 majority in the Council of Elected Rights Holder.
The Bergen County court system consists of a number of city courts that handle traffic tribunals and other minor matters, plus the Bergen County District Court that deals with more serious offenses. Law enforcement at the county level includes the Bergen County Sheriff's Office and the Bergen District Attorney's Office. Bergen County's first female police chief took office in September 2015, as Bergenfield police chief.
In August 2015, a branding campaign was launched to highlight local government services, with its center becoming the official seal of Bergen County, depicting a Dutch settler shaking hands with Native Americans. The contemporary executive of the James Tedesco region made a personal donation of about $ 5,000 to start a business in the form of a nine foot seizure of this seal that woven into the carpet of the county executive office.
Highland protection
In 2004, the New Jersey Legislature passed the High Groundwater Protection and Planning Act, which governs the New Jersey Highlands. Parts of the county's northwest, comprising the municipalities of Oakland and Mahwah, are included in highland conservation areas and are subject to the rules of action and the Council of High Water Protection and Planning, a division of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Some areas in protected areas are classified as in highland conservation areas, and thus subject to additional rules.
Country representative
The 70 municipalities of Bergen County are represented by seven separate state state legislative districts. The 37th is located entirely within the county, while others cross the county border.
Representative of Congress
The district is part of three Congressional Districts: The 5th District covers the northern part of the county and the ninth most of the south, with Fairview being a single municipality in the 8th District. New Jersey's Fifth Congress District is represented by Josh Gottheimer (D, Wyckoff). The Ninth District of New Jersey Congress is represented by Bill Pascrell (D, Paterson). New Jersey's eighth Congress District is represented by Albio Sires (D, West New York).
Politics
The district is characterized by differences between Republican communities in the north and northwest counties and the Democratic community at its center and southeast.
On October 31, 2014, there were a total of 555,293 registered voters in Bergen County, of which 171,471 (30.9%) were registered as Democrats, 111,099 (20.0%) registered as Republicans and 272,261 (49.0%) registered as Unaffiliated. There are 462 voters registered in other parties. Among the 2010 Census population in the district, 61.4% were registered to vote, including 77.4% of those aged 18 and older.
In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 231,211 votes here (54.8%), ahead of Donald Trump of Republicans with 175,529 votes (41.6%) and other candidates with 19,827 votes (4.6%), at between 426,567 ballots printed by 588,362 districts. registered voters, for the voter turnout 73%. In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 212,754 votes here (54.8%), ahead of Mitt Romney Republic with 169,070 votes (43.5%) and other candidates with 3,583 votes (0.9%), among 388,425 ballots cast by the state 551,745 registered voters, for the number of voters 70.4%). In the 2008 presidential election, Barack Obama received 225,367 votes here (53.9%), ahead of Republican John McCain with 186,118 votes (44.5%) and other candidates with 3,248 votes (0.8%), among 418,459 a vote printed by 544,730 registered regency districts, for a turnout of 76.8%. In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 207,666 votes here (51.7%), ahead of the George W. Bush Republic with 189,833 votes (47.2%) and other candidates with 2,745 votes (0.7%), at between 401,845 votes issued by 522,750 registered voters in the region, with a turnout of 76.9%.
At the election of governor of 2013, Republican Chris Christie received 136,178 votes (60.2%), in front of Democrat Barbara Buono with 87,376 votes (38.7%) and other candidates with 2,515 votes (1.1%), among 226,069 votes given to governors by 527,491 registered voters in the region, yielding 42.9% of voters. In the 2009 gubernatorial elections, Democrat Jon Corzine received 127,386 ballot papers (48.0%) in the area, in front of Republic Chris Christie with 121,446 votes (45.8%), Independent Chris Daggett with 12,452 votes (4.7%) , and other candidates with 1,262 votes. vote (0.5%), among 265,223 ballots cast by 530,460 registered voters of districts, yielding 50.0% of voters.
In 2010, Republicans were represented by only two Rightsholders and one Constitutional Officer. In 2011, the Democrats have two Rightsholders and one Constitutional Officer, a complete shift in the control of the County government. In 2012, Democrats retained their two seats in the Shareholder Council while moving to two Constitutional Officers when Democrat John Hogan defeated peter Elizabeth Randall in the County Clerk race.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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