Rodney Glen King (April 2, 1965 - June 17, 2012) was an internationally known African-American taxi driver as a victim of the brutality of the Los Angeles Police Department after the video was released from several police officers. officers beat him during his arrest on March 3, 1991. A civilian, George Holliday, filmed the incident from his nearby balcony and sent a recording to the local news station KTLA. The tape clearly shows the King was beaten repeatedly, and the incident was covered by news media around the world.
The four officers were tried on charges of excessive force; three were completely acquitted, the jury failed to reach a verdict on one charge for the fourth. Within hours of liberation, the 1992 Los Angeles riots began, sparked by anger among African Americans over long-standing decisions and social problems. The riot lasted six days, in which 63 people were killed and 2,373 injured; it ended just after the California Army National Guard, the United States Army, and the United States Marine Corps provided assistance to rebuild control.
The federal government demands separate civil rights cases, obtaining grand jury charges for offenses by four King's civil rights officers. Their trial in federal district court ended on April 16, 1993, with two officers found guilty and sentenced to imprisonment. Two others were released from charges. The city of Los Angeles awarded the King $ 3.8 million for compensation, in separate clothing. He struggled to start a business but to no avail. He was found dead in his swimming pool two months after publishing his memoirs.
Video Rodney King
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King was born in Sacramento, California in 1965, the son of Ronald and Odessa King. He and four of his siblings were raised in Altadena, California. The king attended John Muir High School and often talked about being inspired by his social science teacher, Robert E. Jones. The King's father died in 1984 at the age of 42; he's an alcoholic.
On November 3, 1989, King robbed a store in Monterey Park, California. He threatened the Korean shopkeeper with an iron rod, and hit him with a wooden pole. The king stole two hundred dollars of cash during the robbery. He was arrested, sentenced, and sentenced to two years in prison. He was released on December 27, 1990, after serving a year in prison.
Maps Rodney King
Marriage and family
As a teenager, King became the father of a daughter with her boyfriend Carmen Simpson. She later married Danetta Lyles (a cousin to rapper Mack 10) and fathered a daughter. King and Lyles finally divorced. She later married and fathered a daughter with Crystal Waters. This marriage also ends in a divorce.
1991 police incident in Los Angeles
Early in the morning of March 3, 1991, the King, along with his friends Bryant Allen and Freddie Helms, was driving the 1987 Hyundai Excel/Mitsubishi Precis west on the Foothill Freeway (Interstate 210) at San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles. All three spent the night watching basketball and drinking at a friend's house in Los Angeles. At 12:30, Tim and Melanie Singer, a husband and wife member of the California Highway Patrol, saw King's car cruising down the highway. They chase the King, and the pursuit reaches high speed, while the King refuses to stop. King later admitted that he was trying to escape from the police because the charge of driving under the influence would violate his parole for previous robbery beliefs.
The King left the highway near the Hansen Dam Recreation Center and the pursuit continues through residential streets at speeds ranging from 55 to 80 miles per hour (90-130 km/h). At this point, several police cars and police helicopters joined in the pursuit. After about 8 miles (13 km), officers cornered King in his car near the corner of Foothill Boulevard and Osborne Street ( 34.273154 Ã, Â ° N 118.392762Ã, Â ° W / 34.273154; -118.392762 ). The first five Los Angeles Police officers (LAPD) to arrive are Stacey Koon, Laurence Powell, Timothy Wind, Theodore Briseno, and Rolando Solano.
Confrontation
Officer Tim Singer ordered the King and his two passengers to get out of the vehicle and lie face down on the ground. Allen claims he was persecuted, kicked, trampled, ridiculed, and threatened. Helms are struck on the head while lying on the ground; he was treated for a scratch on his head. His bloody baseball cap was handed to the police. King stays in the car. When he appeared, he was reportedly gagged, to pat the ground, and waved to the police helicopter above. King grabs his butt, which by Officer Melanie Singer means the King grabs a weapon, though he is later found unarmed. He pulled his pistol and aimed it at King, ordering him to lie on the ground. Singer came closer, gun drawn, ready to catch him. At this point, Koon, a ranking officer at the scene, told Singer that the LAPD took command and ordered all officers to bolster their weapons.
LAPD officers are taught to approach the suspect without his pistol being withdrawn, because there is a risk that the suspect can control it if the officer gets too close. Koon ordered four other LAPD officers at the scene - Briseno, Powell, Solano, and Wind - to conquer and bind the King using a technique called "hordes." This involved many officers who arrested a suspect with bare hands, to quickly overcome potential resistance. When the four officers tried to hold King back, King refused by standing to remove Officer Powell and Briseno from his back. The officers then testified that they believed the King was under the influence of phencyclidine (PCP), although King's toxicology tested negative for the drug.
Video Holliday
King twice looted by Koon. This marks the initial estimate of the period that George Holliday recorded. In the tape, the King is seen on the ground. He gets up and rushes toward Powell - as argued in court, whether to attack Powell or run away - and the King and Powell collide in a hurry. The taser wire can be seen on King's body. Officer Powell hit King with his wand, and King was thrown to the ground. Powell attacked the King several more times with his cane. Briseno moved in, trying to stop Powell from striking again, and Powell backed away. Koon reportedly said, "It's enough." The king rose again, to his knees; Powell and Wind are seen hitting the King with their wands.
Koon admits ordering the use of a cane, directing Powell and Wind to attack King with "power punches." According to Koon, Powell and Wind use "electric bursts, then back off." The officers defeated the King, who was already calm. In the videotape, King kept trying to stand up again. Koon ordered the officers to "hit his joints, hit his wrists, hit his elbow, hit his knee, hit his ankle." The Wind Officers, Briseno, and Powell tried a lot of rod attacks on the King, resulting in some failing but with 33 punches hitting King, plus six kicks. The officers again "surrounded" the King, but this time a total of eight officers were involved in the herd. The king is placed in handcuffs and handcuffs, holding his arms and legs. The king was dragged in his stomach to the side of the road to await emergency medical rescue.
Holliday recorded video footage of an incident on his camcorder from his apartment near the Foothill Boulevard and Osborne Street interchange on Lake View Terrace. Two days later, Holliday telephoned the LAPD headquarters at Parker Center to let the police department know that he had a videotape about the incident, but he could not find anyone interested in viewing his video. He went to KTLA television with his videotape. The station cuts ten seconds from the video, before the image is focused, which shows a very blurry King shot at the officer. Then the jurors said that these pieces are very important for their decision to release the officers. The recording as a whole becomes an instant media sensation. Parts of it were aired many times, and it "changed what should be violent, but soon forgotten, a meeting between Los Angeles police and an uncooperative suspect in one of the most watched and discussed incidents of its kind."
Holliday's video of Rodney King's arrest is a fairly early example of modern surveillance, in which civilians, with the help of increasingly sophisticated and affordable video equipment, record important events. Some "copwatch" organizations then start across the United States to guard against police harassment, including umbrella groups, 22 October Coalition to Stop Police Brutality.
Post-capture events
Aftermath
King was taken to Pacifica Hospital after his arrest, where he was found to be suffering from a fractured facial bone, a broken right ankle, and numerous bruises and lacerations. In the claim of negligence filed to the city, King accused him of suffering "11 skull fractures, permanent brain damage, broken bones and teeth, kidney failure [and] emotional and physical trauma". A sample of blood and urine taken from King five hours after his arrest showed that he would get drunk under California law at the time of his arrest. The test also showed traces of marijuana (26 ng/ml). Nurse Pacifica Hospital reported that the officers who accompanied the King (including the Wind) publicly joked and boasted about how many times they hit King. The officer obtained the King's identification from his pockets of clothing at that time. King then sued the city for damages and the jury gave him $ 3.8 million, as well as $ 1.7 million in lawyer fees. The city did not pursue charges against the King for driving while drunk and avoiding arrest. District Attorney Ira Reiner believes there is not enough evidence for prosecution. His successor Gil Garcetti thought that in December 1992, too much time had passed to commission the King by evading capture; He also noted that drunk driving restrictions legislation has passed.
Criminal allegations against police
After four days of grand jury testimony, Los Angeles district attorneys accused officers of Koon, Powell, Briseno and Wind using excessive force on March 14, 1991. Sgt Koon, whose sole act was to deploy Taser, as a surveillance officer at the scene, accused "of deliberately allowing and failing to take action to stop unlawful attacks".
On August 22, 1991, the California Court of Appeal removed the original judge, Bernard Kamins, after Kamins proved to tell the prosecutor, "You can trust me." The case was transferred to Judge Stanley Weisberg, who was then given a change of venue to the town of Simi Valley in neighboring Ventura County, citing the potential for contamination due to saturated media coverage.
Christopher Commission
Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley created the Independent Commission at the Los Angeles Police Department, also known as Christopher Commission, in April 1991. Led by lawyer Warren Christopher, it was created to conduct "a thorough and fair examination of LAPD structures and operations," including practices recruitment and training, internal disciplinary systems, and citizen complaints systems.
The Los Angeles riot and its consequence
Although some people initially regarded race as an important factor in the case, including Rodney King's lawyer Steven Lerman, Holliday's videotape at the time provoked deep resentment among African Americans in Los Angeles, as well as other major cities in the United States, where they often complain of police abuse against their communities. The officer jury is made up of Ventura County residents: ten whites, one Latin, one Asian. Principal prosecutor Terry White is African American. On April 29, 1992, the jury freed three of the officers but was unable to approve any of the charges against Powell.
Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley said: "The jury's decision will not blind us to what we see on the videotape, people who beat Rodney King are not fit to wear LAPD uniforms." President George HW Bush said, "Seen from outside the trial, it is difficult to understand how the verdict could be accompanied by the video The civil rights leaders with whom I met were astonished, and so did I and so did Barbara and so did my children. "
Within hours of liberation, the 1992 Los Angeles riots began, which lasted six days. African-Americans are angered by decisions and start rioting in the streets with Latin society. At the time of law enforcement, the California Army National Guard, the US Army, and the United States Marine Corps restored order, riots resulted in 63 deaths, 2,383 injuries, more than 7,000 fires, damage to 3,100 businesses, and nearly $ 1 billion in financial losses. Minor unrest occurred in other US cities such as San Francisco, Las Vegas in neighboring Nevada, Seattle in Washington state, and as far east as Atlanta in Georgia and New York City. Small unrest erupted on Yonge Street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada as a result of the release.
During the riots, on May 1, 1992, King made a television appearance in which he said,
I just want to say - you know - can we all hang out? Can we, can we be friends? Can we stop making it horrible for parents and children? And... I mean, we have enough smoke in Los Angeles let alone to handle fires and things... that's not true - that's not true. And it will not change anything. We will get our justice; they have won the battle, but they have not won the war. We'll get our day in court and that's what we want. And, just, uh, I like - I'm neutral, I like every - I like colored people. I'm not like they made me be that way. We must stop - we must stop; I mean, after all, I can understand the first - upset for the first two hours after the verdict, but continue, continue like this and watch the security guard shoot to the ground - that's not true; It's just not true, because those people will never go back to their families again. And uh, I mean please, we can, we can hang out here. We can all be together - we must, we must. I mean, we're all stuck here for a while, let's know, let's try to solve it, let's try to beat it, you know, let's try to solve it.
A widely quoted line has often been paraphrased as, "Can we all just hang out?" or " Can not all of us just get along?"
Federation of federal officers
After the release and riots, the US Department of Justice (DOJ) requested charges from police officers for violations of the King's civil rights. On May 7, federal prosecutors began filing evidence to a federal grand jury in Los Angeles. On August 4, the jury returned the charges against the three officers for '... deliberately and deliberately using unreasonable powers...' and against Sergeant Koon for '... deliberately allowing and failing to take action to stop the attack breaking the law... 'to the King. Based on these indictments, the trial of four officers in the United States District Court for the Central District of California began on 25 February 1993.
Federal courts are more focused on the incident. On March 9 of the 1993 trial, King took the witness and explained to the jury the events as he remembers it. The jury found Officer Laurence Powell and Sergeant Stacey Koon guilty, and they were then sentenced to 30 months in jail. Timothy Wind and Theodore Briseno were released from all charges.
During the three-hour trial, federal court judge John Davies received numerous defensive versions of the beatings. He strongly condemned the King, who he said provoked the officers' initial action. Judge Davies said that only six or more batons last Powell's punch breaking the law. The first 55 seconds of the recorded portion of the incident, where most of the blows were delivered, were in the law as the officers tried to subdue the suspect who refused to take him to custody.
Davies found that the King's provocative behavior began with his "exceptional consumption of alcoholic beverages" and continued through high-speed pursuit, refusal to submit to police orders, and aggressive charges against Powell. Davies made some findings to support officer version events. He concluded that Officer Powell never deliberately hit the King's head, and "Powell's battering that broke King's leg was not illegal because King was still fighting and rolling on the ground, and breaking the bones in suspected custody allowed under police policy. "
Mitigation cited by judges in determining the length of imprisonment includes the suffering experienced by officers because of the widespread publicity their cases have received, the unpaid high law bills, the loss of their careers as police, the higher the risk of abuse while in prison, and they undergo two trials. The judge acknowledged that the two trials were not legally a double danger, but still aroused the "scourge of injustice."
This mitigation is critical to the validity of the sentences handed down, as federal punishment guidelines call for longer prison sentences in the range of 70 to 87 months. The controversial low penalty, and appeal filed by the prosecutor. In the 1994 ruling, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit rejected all grounds cited by Judge Davies and extended the terms. The case was appealed by the defense to the US Supreme Court. Both Koon and Powell were released from prison when they appealed against the Ninth Circuit ruling, having served their original 30-month sentence on leave for good behavior. On June 14, 1996, the high court reversed the lower court in a ruling, unanimously in its most important aspects, which strongly supported the court's discretion, even under the penalty guidelines intended to produce uniformity.
Next life
Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley offered King $ 200,000 and a four-year college education funded by the city of Los Angeles. The king refused and demanded the city, winning $ 3.8 million. Bryant Allen, one of the passengers in King's car on the night of the incident, received $ 35,000 in his lawsuit against the city of Los Angeles. Freddie Helms plantation, another passenger, closed for $ 20,000; Helms died in a car accident on June 29, 1991, aged 20, in Pasadena. King invested some of his work on the record label, Straight Alta-Pazz Records, hoping to hire minority employees, but his business went bankrupt. He then wrote a memoir (with the help of an author for someone else) and made a movie about his life.
The king was subjected to arrest and further confidence to encourage offenses after the 1991 incident, as he struggled with alcohol and drug addiction. On August 21, 1993, he crashed his car into a block wall in downtown Los Angeles. He was convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol, fined, and entered a rehabilitation program, after which he was placed on probation. In July 1995, he was arrested by Alhambra police after beating his wife in his car and dropping him to the ground. He was sentenced to 90 days in prison after being found guilty of hit-and-run.
On August 27, 2003, the King was arrested again for driving and running a red light while under the influence of alcohol. He failed to surrender to the police officer and slammed his vehicle into a house, breaking his pelvis. On November 29, 2007, while riding a bike, King was shot in the face, arms, and back with a pellet from a shotgun. He reported that the attackers were a man and a woman who demanded his bike and shot him when he left. Police described the wound as if they were from a birdshot.
In May 2008, King entered the Pasadena Recovery Center in Pasadena, California, where he was filmed as a season 2 star member of Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Ir. Drew , which premiered in October 2008. Drew Pinsky, who runs the facility, shows concern for the King's life and says he will die unless his addiction is treated. The king also appears in the Sober House, a spin-off Celebrity Rehab focusing on a quiet environment. During his time at Celebrity Rehabilitation and Sober House, the King was working on his addiction and what he said was the lingering trauma of beatings. He and Pinsky physically retraced the King's path from the night of his beating, eventually reaching the place where it happened, the Los Angeles Children's Museum.
In 2009, the King and other Celebrity Rehab alumni appeared as panel speakers for the new addict group at the Pasadena Recovery Center, marking 11 months of calm for him. Her appearance aired in the third season episode of "Triggers". The King won a celebrity boxing match against police Simon Aouad, from Chester City (Delaware County, Pennsylvania) on September 11, 2009, at Ramada Philadelphia Airport in Essington, Pennsylvania.
On September 9, 2010, it was confirmed that the King would marry Cynthia Kelly, who had been a juror in a civil suit he had brought against the City of Los Angeles. On March 3, 2011, the 20th anniversary of the beating, LAPD stopped King due to irregular driving and issued him a quote for driving with an outdated license. This arrest led to a violation belief in February 2012 due to reckless driving.
The BBC quotes King who commented on his legacy. "Some people feel like I'm some kind of hero, others hate me, they say I deserve it, other people, I can hear them mock me when I ask to end destruction, like I am stupid to believe in peace.
Riot In
In April 2012, King published his memoir, The Inner Violence: My Journey of the Rebellion to Redemption . Written together by Lawrence J. Spagnola, this book describes the teenage King of the turbulent as well as his personal report on the arrest, trial, and consequences.
Death
On June 17, 2012, Cynthia Kelly found the King lying underwater at the bottom of her pool. Police in Rialto received a 911 call from Kelly at about 5:25 am (PDT). Responding officers move the King from the pool and try to revive him. He was transferred by ambulance to Arrowhead Regional Medical Center in Colton, California and was declared dead on arrival at 6:11 am (PDT) The Rialto Police Department began a standard drowning investigation and said there was no cheating. On August 23, 2012, the King's autopsy result was released, stating he died in a drowning accident. The combination of alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana found in the system is a contributing factor. The conclusion of the report states: "The effects of drugs and alcohol, combined with the subject's heart condition, may trigger cardiac arrhythmias, and the subject, incapable of being in water, can not save itself." Pdt. Al Sharpton delivered a speech at King's funeral. The King is buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Los Angeles County, California.
Legacy
Rodney King has become a symbol of police brutality, but his family remembers him as "man not a symbol". The king never advocated for hatred or violence against the police, saying that we need to "all hang out". He made this foundation for the rest of his life. Since his death, his daughter Lori King has worked with LAPD to build a bridge between police and African-American communities. He also started a non-profit: the Rodney King Foundation for Social Justice and Human Rights, on behalf of his father.
In popular culture
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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