Walter Frederick " Fritz Mondale (born January 5, 1928) is an American politician, diplomat and lawyer who serves as the 42nd Vice-President from the United States from 1977 to 1981, and as United States Senator from Minnesota (1964-1976). He was the Democratic presidential candidate in the 1984 US presidential election, but lost to Ronald Reagan in a landslide. Reagan won 49 countries while Mondale brought his home state from Minnesota and Washington, D.C.
Mondale was born in Ceylon, Minnesota, and graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1951 after studying at Macalester College. He then served in the US Army during the Korean War before earning a law degree in 1956. He married Joan Adams in 1955. Working as a lawyer in Minneapolis, Mondale was appointed to the attorney general's position in 1960 by Governor Orville Freeman and was elected to a full tenure as Attorney General in 1962 with 60 percent of the votes cast. He was appointed to the US Senate by Governor Karl Rolvaag at the resignation of Senator Hubert Humphrey following Humphrey's election as vice-president in 1964. Mondale was then elected to full Senate tenure in 1966 and again in 1972, resigned from office in 1966 1976 as he prepared to succeed as vice-president in 1977. While in the Senate, he supported consumer protection, equitable housing, tax reform, and school desegregation. Importantly, he serves as a member of the Selected Committee to Study Government Operations by Appreciating Intelligence Activities ("Church Committee").
In 1976, Jimmy Carter, the Democratic presidential nominee, chose Mondale as vice president. Carter/Mondale tickets beat current president Gerald Ford and his vice president, Bob Dole. Carter and Mondale's time in office was undermined by a worsening economy and, despite both being nominated by the Democrats, they lost the 1980 elections to Republicans Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush. In 1984, Mondale won the Democratic presidential nomination and campaigned for a nuclear freeze, the Equal Rights Amendment, tax increases, and the reduction of US public debt.
After his defeat by Reagan, Mondale joins the Dorsey & amp; Whitney and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (1986-93). President Bill Clinton appointed the United States Ambassador Mondale to Japan in 1993; he retired in 1996. In 2002, Mondale ran for his old Senate seat, agreeing to be a sudden replacement for Democratic Senator Paul Wellstone, who was killed in a plane crash over the past two weeks of his election campaign. However, Mondale almost lost the race. He then returned to work at Dorsey & amp; Whitney and remain active in the Democratic Party. Mondale then took a part-time teaching position at the University of Minnesota's Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs.
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Walter Frederick Mondale was born in Ceylon, Minnesota, the son of Claribel Hope (nÃÆ' Â © e Cowan), a part-time music teacher, and Theodore Sigvaard Mondale, a Methodist minister. Walter's stepbrother, Lester Mondale, became Unitarian minister. Mondale also has two brothers, Clarence, known as Pete (1926-2014) and William, known as the Mort. His paternal grandmother was a Norwegian immigrant, and his mother, the daughter of an immigrant from Ontario, was of Scottish and English descent. The family name "Mondale" comes from Mundal , a valley and city in the FjÃÆ'Â|rland region of Norway.
Mondale attended public school and Macalester College in St. Louis. Paul before moving to the University of Minnesota, where he earned a B.A. in political science in 1951. Since Mondale did not have enough money to attend law school, he enrolled in the US Army and served two years at Fort Knox during the Korean War, achieving the rank of corporal. He married Joan Adams in 1955. Through the support of GI Bill, he graduated from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1956. While in law school, he served at the Minnesota Law Review and as a legal officer at Minnesota Supreme Court under Justice Thomas F. Gallagher. He then practiced the law in Minneapolis, and continued to do so for four years before entering the political arena.
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Mondale was involved in national politics in the 1940s. At the age of 20, he was seen in Minnesota politics by helping to organize Senate Hubert Humphrey's campaign in 1948. Humphrey's campaign commissioned Mondale to cover a stubborn second district of the Republic. Mondale, who grew up in the area, was able to win the district for Humphrey with a comfortable margin.
After working with Humphrey, Mondale went on to work on several campaigns for Orville Freeman. Mondale worked on 1952 Freeman's failed campaign for governors as well as a successful campaign in 1954 and a reelection campaign in 1958.
In 1960, Governor Freeman appointed Mondale as Minnesota Attorney General after the resignation of Miles Lord. By the time he was appointed, Mondale was only 32 years old and had been practicing law for four years. He won the election back to the post on his own right in the 1962 election.
During his tenure as Minnesota Attorney General, the case of Gideon v. Wainwright (which ultimately establishes the right of defendant in a state court to have a lawyer) is heard by the US Supreme Court. When people who opposed the right to a lawyer organized an explanation given by Brief of the Court representing some state attorneys for that position, Mondale organized a commentary that contradicted the Court's Friend from more state attorneys, on the grounds that the defendants should be allowed to become lawyers. Mondale also continued the investigation of former Minneapolis mayor Marvin L. Kline and mismanagement of Sister Kenny Foundation.
At the 1964 Democratic National Convention, Mondale played a major role in the proposed compromise but ultimately unsuccessfully which the National Democratic Party offered the Democratic Party of Mississippi Freedom two large seats.
Mondale also served as a member of the President's Consumer Advisory Board from 1960 to 1964.
AS. Senator
On December 30, 1964, Mondale was appointed by Minnesota Governor Karl Rolvaag to the United States Senate to fill vacancies caused by the resignation of Hubert Humphrey after being elected Vice-President of the United States. Mondale was elected to the Senate for the first time in 1966, defeating Republican candidate Robert A. Forsythe, with 53.9 percent to 45.2.
In 1972, Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern offered to Mondale a chance to become vice president, whom he rejected. That year, Mondale won reelection to the Senate with more than 57 percent of the vote, even as President Nixon brought Minnesota. He served at congresses 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, and 94.
Policy
Mondale worked hard to build a party center on economic and social issues. Unlike his own father, a persistent liberal, he is not a war fighter for the New Deal. Instead, he realizes that the Democratic base (especially the ethnic abusive workers) is gradually moving to the right and he is working to maintain their support. Mondale showed little or no interest in foreign policy until about 1974, when he realized that some knowledge was needed if he had a higher aspiration than the Senate. He develops a centric position, avoiding alignment with any of the party's hawks (like Henry M. Jackson) or pigeons (like George McGovern). He took a liberal position on civil rights issues, which proved acceptable in Minnesota, a country with a "very small black population". Mondale is the main sponsor of the federal Fair Housing Act, which prohibits discrimination in housing and creates Hud's Office of Equitable Housing and Equal Opportunities as the premier law enforcement.
During Johnson's presidency, Mondale endorsed the Vietnam War, but after Richard Nixon became President in 1969, he began to oppose him and participated in legislation aimed at restricting Nixon's ability to prolong war. Mondale is a pro-choice about the problem of abortion.
Committee
Mondale rotates and disables various committees, including the Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee; Financial Committee; Committee on Labor and Public Welfare; Budget Committee; and the Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee. He also serves as chairman of the Selected Education Equal Opportunity Committee and as chairman of the Domestic Task Force Intelligence Committee. He also serves as chairman of the Subcommittee of the Labor Committee and the Community Welfare Committee for Children and Youth, as well as the head of the Senate subcommittee for social security financing.
Apollo crash 204
In 1967, Mondale served on the Aeronautics and Space Science Committee, later chaired by Clinton P. Anderson, when Virgil's "Gus" Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee astronauts died in a fire on January 27 while testing Apollo 204 (then Apollo 1) recalculated space. NASA administrator James E. Webb received approval from President Lyndon B. Johnson for NASA to internally investigate the cause of the accident in accordance with established procedures, subject to Congressional oversight. The NASA Procedure calls the Deputy Administrator (and the de facto general manager), Dr. Robert C. Seamans, to appoint and supervise the investigative panel.
In February, a reporter circulated a leak to Mondale, about an internal NASA report issued in 1965 by Apollo program director Samuel C. Phillips, detailing the management, cost, delivery, and quality issues of North America's main aviation contractor Apollo. At the February 27 hearing, Mondale asked Webb if he knew of such a report. Webb had not seen a written report in December 1965, so he responded negatively. Seamans had submitted to Webb both a written report, as well as a briefing presentation made to him in January 1966 by boss Phillips and Phillips, Space Flight Administrator George Mueller.
Both Seaman and Mueller have also been called to testify at this session. Mueller denied the existence of the report, although he must have been very conscious of it, since he had added a letter he wrote to a copy sent to North American president Lee Atwood.
Seamans feared that Mondale could somehow have a copy (which he did not), so he admitted that NASA often reviewed the performance of its contractor, with positive and negative results, but that was not unusual. Under repeated questions from Mondale, Webb promised that he would investigate whether this "Phillips Report" existed, and if so, to see if a controlled release could be made to Congress. Soon after the trial, Webb saw Phillips's report for the first time.
Controversy spread to both houses of Congress and grew (through the efforts of three fellow Mondale committee members, Republicans Margaret Chase Smith, Edward Brooke and Charles H. Percy) to include a second allegation of NASA's original selection in 1961 in North America. as an Apollo spacecraft contractor, which Webb forced to maintain. The House of Representatives oversight committee, which conducted its own hearing and took controversy, was eventually given a copy of Phillips's report.
While the Committee, as a whole, believes that NASA should have informed the results of Phillips Congress review in 1966, a report finally issued on 30 January 1968, concluded (as NASA's own accident investigation completed on 5 April 1967), that " ] has no effect on accidents, does not lead to accidents, and is not associated with accidents ". But Mondale wrote a minority opinion accusing NASA of "avoiding,... lack of frankness,... a condescending attitude exhibited toward Congress,... refusal to respond in full and frankly to congressional questions of legitimate, and... attention serious to corporate sensitivity at the time of national tragedy ".
Mondale explains his actions in an interview in 2001: "I think by forcing a public confrontation on the secrets up to now and the deep concerns about program safety and management, forcing NASA to restructure and reorganize programs in a much better, safer way." In the 1998 miniseries, Mondale is portrayed (by John Slattery) as completely opposed to the space program and wants to shut it down after the disaster, though after moving testimony delivered by astronaut Frank Borman (David Andrews) Mondale looks amenable.)
Church intelligence committees
In 1975, Mondale served on the Committee to Study Government Operations by Appreciating Intelligence Activities, chaired by the Frank Senator Idaho Church, which investigated alleged violations by the Central Intelligence Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Vice Presidency (1977-1981)
When Jimmy Carter won the Democratic nomination for president in 1976, he chose Mondale as Vice President. The ticket was chosen narrowly on November 2, 1976, and Mondale was sworn in as Vice President of the United States on January 20, 1977. He became the fourth vice-president in four years, three others: Spiro Agnew (1969-73), Gerald Ford (1973 -74), and Nelson Rockefeller (1974-77).
Under Carter, Mondale traveled extensively throughout the country and the world advocated foreign policy of the government. His trip also included a visit to the USS Midway (CV-41), which was at the station at that time in the Indian Ocean, during the Iranian hostage crisis. Mondale was the first vice president to have an office in the White House and formed the concept of "Vice President of the activists." Mondale sets a weekly lunch tradition with the president, which continues to this day. More importantly, he expanded the role of vice president from head figure to presidential advisor, full time participant, and problem solver to administration. The next vice president has followed this model in the administration in which they serve.
1980 elections
Carter and Mondale were re-nominated at the 1980 Democratic National Convention, but lost clearly to Republican tickets from Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush. That year, Mondale opened the XIII Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York.
Carter and Walter Mondale are the longest-lived post-presidential teams in American history. On May 23, 2006, they have been out of the office for 9,254 days (25 years, 4 months and 3 days), surpassing the former records established by President John Adams and Vice President Thomas Jefferson, both dead on July 4, 1826 On September 8, 2012 , Carter surpassed Herbert Hoover as President with the longest retirement from office. On April 23, 2014, Mondale surpassed Richard Nixon as Vice President with the longest retirement from the office in 12,146 days (33 years, 3 months and 3 days).
Post-Deputy Presidency (1981-present)
1984 Presidential Campaign
After losing the 1980 elections, Mondale briefly returned to law practice at Winston and Strawn, a Chicago-based big law firm, but he had no intention of leaving politics for long.
Mondale ran for the Democratic presidential nominee in the 1984 election, and from the outset, he was at the forefront. His opposition included Rev. Jesse Jackson and Sen. Gary Hart of Colorado. Hart appealed furiously by winning primary New Hampshire in March, but Mondale had the majority of party leadership behind him. For a remarkable effect, Mondale used the slogan Wendy "Where's the beef?" to describe Hart's policies as less profound. Jackson, widely regarded as the first serious African-American presidential candidate, was held for longer, but Mondale earned a nomination with a majority of delegates at the first vote.
Mondale's determination marked the first time since the nomination of former Governor Adlai Stevenson II of Illinois in 1956 (and the second time since the nomination of former Congressman John W. Davis of West Virginia in 1924) that the Democratic Party nominated a private citizen to the President (ie , not serving in the official role of the government at the time of candidacy and election). Mondale is the last private citizen nominated for President by Democrats to former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in 2016. All four nominees of civilian Democrats mentioned (Davis, Stevenson, Mondale, and Clinton) lost their election. (Republican Nominees including former Vice President Richard Nixon in 1968, former Governor Ronald Reagan of California in 1980, former Sen. Bob Dole of Kansas in 1996 (Dole resigned from the Senate seat on July 11, 1996, a month before he was nominated for president), former Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts in 2012, and Donald Trump in 2016. While Dole and Romney lost the election, Nixon, Reagan and Trump won their awards.)
At the Democratic Convention, Mondale chose US Representative Geraldine Ferraro from New York as his partner, making him the first woman nominated for the position by a major party. The attendants later said that Mondale was determined to set a precedent with his vice presidential candidate, considering the Mayor of San Francisco Dianne Feinstein (women and Jews); Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley, an African American; and the Mayor of San Antonio, Henry Cisneros, a Mexican American, as another finalist for the nomination. Others prefer Senator Lloyd Bentsen because he will appeal to Deep South, or even nominee contender Gary Hart. Ferraro, as a Catholic, was criticized by some Catholic Church leaders for being pro-choice. More controversy erupted over his changed position with respect to his husband's tax exemption, and his own ethical record in the House. Ferraro defended himself throughout most of the campaign, largely negating his breakthrough as the first woman on a big national ticket, and the first Italian American to reach that level in American politics.
When Mondale delivered his acceptance speech at the Democracy Convention, he said: "At the end of my first term I will reduce the Reagan budget deficit by two-thirds, let's say the truth.That must be done, it has to be done Mr Reagan will raise taxes, and so am I. She will not tell you I just did it. "Although this is meant to show that Mondale will be honest with voters, most of it is interpreted as a campaign pledge to raise taxes to spend on programs domestic, which does not appeal to many voters.
Mondale runs a liberal campaign, supporting nuclear freeze and Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). He spoke against Reagan's economic policies and supported the reduction of the federal budget deficit. However, he will fight the popular incumbent and his campaign is widely considered ineffective. Also, he is considered to support the poor at the expense of the middle class. The southern whites and northern blue collar workers who normally vote for the Democrats shift their support to Reagan as they praise him with the economic boom and see him strongly in national security concerns.
In the first televised debate, Mondale appeared unexpectedly, questioning Reagan's age and capacity to withstand demanding presidential demands (Reagan was the oldest person serving as president - 73 at the time - while Mondale was 56). In a subsequent debate on October 21, 1984, Reagan parried the issue by saying, "I will not make age as a matter of this campaign, I will not exploit, for political purposes, my opposite youth and lack of experience."
In the election, Mondale was defeated, winning only the District of Columbia and his home state in Minnesota, and even there his margin of victory was less than 3,800 votes, securing only 13 votes to Reagan 525. The result was a defeat in the worst election for any Democratic candidate in history, and the worst for a large party candidate since losing Alf Landon over Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936.
Mondale received 37,577,352 votes - a total of 40.6 percent of popular votes in the election. Mondale receives 40-49 percent in California, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
Citizens and personal ambassadors
After the election, Mondale returned to private legal practice, with Dorsey & amp; Whitney in Minneapolis in 1987. From 1986 to 1993, Mondale was chairman of the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. During the presidency of Bill Clinton, he was US Ambassador to Japan from 1993 to 1996, led a bipartisan group to study campaign finance reform, and became Clinton's special envoy to Indonesia in 1998.
Until his appointment as US Ambassador to Japan, Mondale is Honorable University Associate in Law and Public Affairs at Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota. In 1990 Mondale founded the Mondale Policy Forum at the Humphrey Institute. The forum has brought together prominent scholars and policy makers for an annual conference on domestic and international issues. She also serves on the nonprofit board of directors for the Guthrie Theater Foundation, the Mayo Foundation, the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, the Diogenes Higher Learning Institute, the Prince Hall's Masonic Temple, the RAND Company, and the University of Minnesota Foundation. The membership of its board includes BlackRock Advantage Term Trust and other BlackRock Funds, Cargill Incorporated, CNA Financial Corporation, Encyclopés Britannica, First Financial Fund and Prudential Mutual Funds, Northwest Airlines and United HealthCare Corporation.
Mondale spoke before the Senate on September 4, 2002, when he delivered a lecture on his ministry, with comments on the transformation of the Vice President's office during Carter's rule, Senate cloture rules to end the debate, and his views on the future of the Senate in US political history. The lecture was part of an ongoing "Senate Leadership Lecture Series" that ran from 1998 to 2002.
Senate Election 2002 and beyond
In 2002, US Democratic Senator Paul Wellstone of Minnesota, who ran for re-election, died in a plane crash just 11 days before the November 5 election. At age 74, Mondale replaces Wellstone on a ballot, at the urging of a Wellstone relative. This Senate seat was the place Mondale had held, before stepping down to become Vice President in 1977.
During his debate with Republican candidates, former Mayor of St. Paul Norm Coleman, Mondale emphasized his own experience in foreign affairs while painting Coleman as a finger-in-wind opportunist. "We have seen you shift, Norman," said Mondale, referring to Coleman's past as an anti-war college activist and, more recently, as a Democrat who has changed his party's loyalty to the GOP while serving as mayor of St. Louis. Ã, Paul.
Mondale lost the election, ending with 1,067,246 votes (47.34%) to Coleman 1,116,697 (49.53%) of the 2,254,639 votes cast, making him a unique distinction due to losing state elections in all 50 states part as a candidate of the big party (he lost another 49 in the 1984 Presidential Election). After admitting defeat, Mondale stated: "At the end of what will be my last campaign, I want to say to Minnesota, you always treat me well, you always listen to me."
In 2004, Mondale became vice chair of the Committee on Rights of Consultants for the Constitution Project. He supported Sen. Hillary Clinton (D-NY) for the United States Presidency and supported his campaign for the White House in 2008. On June 3, 2008, after the last major contest, Mondale shifted his support to Sen. Barack Obama (D -Ill.), Yang had won nominations the night before, and then won the presidency.
Following the 2004 US presidential election and the 2006 mid-term elections, Mondale was seen talking to Al Franken about the last possible run for US Senate Senate seat in 2008 in documentary Al Franken: God Speaks . In the film, Mondale encourages Franken to run, but warns him, saying that Coleman and the Republican allies will look for whatever they can use to fight it. Franken eventually ran and won the 2008 Senate election with 312 votes after the election results have been contested in court by Coleman until 30 June 2009. Mondale and Senator Amy Klobuchar stood with Franken in the Senate room when Franken was inaugurated on July 7, 2009.
Mondale then stood up again with Senator Amy Klobuchar when Tina Smith was sworn in on January 3, 2018.
Family and personal life
His wife, Joan Mondale, was a national advocate for the art and Honorary Chair of the Federal Council on Arts and Humanity during the Carter Administration. On February 3, 2014, he died at a nursing home in Minneapolis surrounded by members of their family.
Mondales's eldest son, Ted, is an entrepreneur and CEO of Nazca Solutions, a technological fulfillment effort. He is also a former state senator of Minnesota. In 1998, Ted Mondale failed to seek a Democratic nomination for governor of Minnesota, running as a fiscal moderate who distance himself from the workforce.
Princess Mondales, Eleanor, is a television character. He also has a radio talk show in Chicago, and a long-running program at WCCO (AM) in Minneapolis. He died of brain cancer at his home in Minnesota on September 17, 2011, at the age of 51 years.
Walter Mondale owns a residence near Lake of the Islands in Minneapolis. Mondale is a Presbyterian. She likes fishing, reading Shakespeare and history records, roasting, skiing, watching Monty Python and playing tennis.
Mondale has maintained a strong relationship with the University of Minnesota Law School. In 2002 law school renamed its building Walter F. Mondale Hall. Mondale has donated a cameo appearance to T.O.R.T. ("Theater of Relative Talent") production and has allowed his name to be used as the nickname of the school's hockey team: "Fighting Mondales".
Mondale has a deep connection to its ancestral Norwegian. After entering the Senate in 1964, he took over the vice-president of Hubert Humphrey, another Norwegian-American. In recent years, Mondale has served on the executive committee of the Peace Prize Forum, an annual conference co-sponsored by the Norwegian Nobel Institute and five Midwestern colleges of Norwegian heritage. During the Norwegian Hundred Years Celebration in 2005, he led a committee to promote and develop cultural activities between Norwegian and Norwegian-American organizations.
When he was in the office, Twin Cities Public Television produced a documentary about him entitled Walter Mondale: There's a Fjord in Your Past, a play on the famous advertising slogan, "There's a Ford in Your Future".
On 5 December 2007, Norwegian Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr StÃÆ'¸re announced that Walter Mondale would be named Honorary Consul General of Norway, representing the Norwegian state in Minnesota.
In popular culture
- Bill Murray played Mondale on Saturday Night Live in the late 1970s, as did Gary Kroeger, Dana Carvey, and Jon Lovitz in the mid-1980s.
- In the 1998 HBO miniseries From Earth to the Moon , Mondale is described by John Slattery.
- In Beverly Hills 90210 , Brandon Walsh 1978 Mercury Cougar is named Mondale.
Works published
- Good Fight: A Life in Liberal Politics , Mondale memoirs, published in 2010
- Twelve and Twelve Days: Remembering Paul and Sheila Wellstone , co-written with Terry Gydesen, published in 2003
- Crisis and Opportunities in Japanese Change , co-written with William Regis Farrell, published in 1999
- Power Accountability: Towards a Responsible Presidency , written in 1976.
Selection history
Recordings
In "Walter F. Mondale Papers" in the Minnesota Historical Society, digital content is available for use in research. Contents include speech files, handwritten notes, memoranda, annotated annotations, schedules, correspondence, and visual materials. The collection includes senators, vice presidents, ambassadors, political papers and campaign files, and personal letters documenting most aspects of Mondale's 60 years of career, including all of its public offices, campaigns, and Democrats and other non-official activities.
The Walter F. Mondale website of the University of Minnesota Law Library is devoted to Mondale senator's career. Mondale's work is documented in full text access to the selected process and debate on the Senate floor as recorded in Records of Congress .
Books
- Mondale, Walter F. (1975). Power Accountability: Towards a Responsible Presidency . New York: D. McKay Company. ISBN: 9780679505587. OCLCÃ, 924994584.
- Mondale, Walter; Hage, Dave (2010). The Good Fight: A Life in Liberal Politics . New York: Scribner. ISBN: 9780816691661. OCLCÃ, 965579928.
See also
- Biographical portal
- United States Government Portal
- Minnesota Portal
- The political portal
References
Further reading
- Gillon, Steven M. (1992). Democratic Dilemma: Walter F. Mondale and Liberal Heritage
External links
- United States Congress. "Walter Mondale (id: M000851)". Directory of Biographies of the United States Congress . Ã,
- Senate Leader Senate Address
- Minnesota Public Radio: Coleman, Mondale debate on election night (November 4, 2002) - shows audio from debate 2002
- Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs: Mondale Lectures on Public Services
- Walter F. Mondale: Inventory of his Writings, including his Vice President, at the Minnesota Historical Society
- Walter Mondale Oral History, at the Association for Training and Diplomatic Training
- List of New York Times articles in Mondale
- Appearance in C-SPAN
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