Albert Greenwood Brown, Jr. (born August 18, 1954) is an American who has been convicted of sexual abuse with underage violence, two counts of first-degree rape with force, and the first- the murder of a teenage girl in Riverside, California. He was scheduled to die by lethal injection at 9 pm. on September 30, 2010, in the first use of death penalty in California since the lifting of a moratorium on the trial. The use of lethal injections has been suspended in the country since February 2006 due to objections to cruel and unusual punishments for lack of facilities and procedures previously used at San Quentin State Prison.
Brown's lawyers appealed to block the execution of their clients, with the execution originally planned to be performed at a new facility in a prison that is certified to use one or three drug protocols.
The US Ninth Appeal Court ordered US District Judge Jeremy D. Fogel to review the case and noted that the date of the execution may have been influenced by the fact that the stock of sodium thiopental prison, one of the drugs necessary for lethal injections, would expire. on October 1, 2010. Judge Fogel terminated the execution to allow time to review whether the new injection procedure addressed a previous refusal. On September 29, 2010, the California Supreme Court unanimously declined an appeal by the state to resume at the end of the month. Brown's execution was later postponed because deadly injecting drug supplies had been exhausted. Manufacturers of sodium thiopental claim that new supplies will not be available until 2011.
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Brown grew up in Tulare, California, with his father's family reportedly telling her that "every child goes to college." According to Tulare Western High School's yearbook, he would be part of the 1972 class. However, he was expelled from school after he accidentally fired a gun he carried on campus and grazed another student in his head. He joined the US Marine Corps, but was taken to a military court and dismissed in 1975 for not attending without permission.
Maps Albert Greenwood Brown
Early criminal history
She moved to Riverside, California, to live with her divorced mother and was soon accused of raping and impregnating an 11-year-old girl. He says that Brown told him because he is a black man and he is a black girl, he "needs to eat." He was forced to perform oral sex, and Brown then raped and strangled him cruelly and eventually sodomized him. He pleaded guilty and was sentenced to two years probation.
One morning in 1976, Brown walked into a house in Riverside and hid in a closet until all the inhabitants left. When a 14-year-old girl returns from paper route to go to school, she strangles her unconsciously and brutally rapes her in her mother's room. Brown pleaded guilty to charges of the First Degree with the Army on 4 May 1978, and was sentenced to a state prison. He was released on June 14, 1980, and found a job cleaning and preparing a new car for sale at Rubidoux Motors in Riverside County.
Death of Susan Louise Jordan
On the morning of October 28, 1980, Brown abducted 15-year-old Susan Louise Jordan while she was en route to Arlington High School in Riverside. He posed as a runner on that route. After dragging him into the orange garden, Brown brutally raped and sodomized him and strangled him to death with his own shoelaces; he also took his ID card and his schoolbook. Susan's mother, Angelina Jordan, who accidentally left her car to be served at Brown's Rubidoux Motors, went to school to find Susan after her sister Karen and her brother James went home without her. After finding the family number in the phone book, Brown called Angelina Jordan from a pay phone around 7:30. to tell him where he left his daughter's body. According to court documents, he said, "Hello, Mrs. Jordan, Susie has not come home from school, right? You'll never see your daughter again You can find her body in a corner of Victoria and Gibson." Susan's body was found after Brown repeatedly phoned to the Riverside Police Department and Jordan's residence. One of Brown's calls was subsequently recorded by a police officer.
Capture and investigation
Brown was arrested on November 6, 1980, after three witnesses advanced to identify him and Pontiac Trans Am with Rubidoux Motors paper plates near the site of the murder. Susan's identity card was found in a telephone booth at a nearby Texaco service station. During Brown's house search on November 7, police found Susan's books, newspaper articles about the case, and a Riverside telephone directory where the yard across the list for the Jordan family was folded. Brown was found to be late for work the day he disappeared. A blood-stained and sperm jogging suit was found in his locker at the employee's coffee shop. Brown shoes matched with footprints from the scene.
Trials and appeals
On February 4, 1982, Riverside County jury convicted Brown of first-degree murder with special circumstances of first-degree kidnapping and first-degree rape, oral intercourse, and first-degree sodomy. During the verdict trial, his defense attorney argued that Brown was sorry and presented evidence of psychiatric problems, including sexual dysfunction. Brown claims that he has been physically abused by his aunt as a child and beaten by his mother. His mother denied abusing Brown but claimed that his son was out buying milk at the time of the murder. The surviving survivors of the 1976 rape case testified against it. The jury conferred for less than three hours on 19 February and sentenced Brown to death. On March 2, 1982, he was placed in a convict prison at San Quentin State Prison in San Quentin, California.
In 1985, Brown's punishment was revoked by the California Supreme Court and restored by the US Supreme Court in 1987.
The defense of Brown filed a motion of habeas corpus to the US Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal, arguing that he received ineffective counsel in his trial and that his sentence was a cruel and unusual punishment that violated the Eighth Amendment of the US Constitution. On September 19, 2007, Judge Michael Daly Hawkins rejected Brown's appeal and upheld a lower court ruling.
The execution process
On August 29, 2010, a California court ruled a statewide order against the death penalty by certifying a new lethal injection procedure. The next day, Riverside District Attorney, Rod Pacheco searched for a death certificate for Brown. Riverside County Judge Roger Luebs initially set Brown's execution for 12: 01 am on September 29, 2010. On August 31, prison guard Vince Cullen personally walked to Brown's cell to read the death certificate to him.
Brown is the first inmate scheduled to be executed at the newly built facility at San Quentin State Prison. It has undergone a $ 853,000 renovation that is four times its size after US District Court Judge Jeremy D. Fogel blocked the execution of the convicted murderer Michael Morales in February 2006 due to complaints about the deadly injection procedure in the previous room. Four separate phones are installed with individual red warning lights if there is a call from the California Governor, California Attorney General, the prison chief, or the US Supreme Court. This facility has been set up to use a three-drug combination protocol of sodium thiopental, pancuronium bromide and potassium chloride or a single injection of sodium thiopental in which the dose is increased from 3 to 5 g to make it self-destructive. Brown was examined by the prison staff to check if his blood vessels were healthy enough for the injection process. He ordered the last steak and onion rings. The place is also fitted with speakers so that the last words can be broadcast.
Last minute appeals
Judge Fogel, whose ruling in 2006 has suspended the execution in California, gave Brown until Sept. 26 to decide on the method of execution, including a new deadly injection protocol. Brown declined to vote. Defense counsel John Grele described Brown as "a simple man with a clear neuropsychological deficit" who is not ready to make such a decision. Thinking that forcing him to decide how his death was "unconstitutional medieval," Brown's defense team asked the judge to reconsider allowing the execution to continue. Fogel refused to issue a postponement of execution, which he stated would be considered if Brown had chosen an injection and the prison refused to carry it out. In the absence of a decision, the prison failed to prepare a three-drug protocol. According to Lieutenant Sam Robinson of San Quentin State Prison, the gas chamber is still fully functional and available if needed:
On September 27, Marin County Judge Verna Adams rejected a plea request to stop the execution. An appeal for clemency was filed with California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. Attorney Rod Pacheco wrote to Schwarzenegger to urge him not to intervene. The governor rejected Brown's request to change life imprisonment without parole, but he delayed execution until 9 pm. on September 30 to give the court more time appeal to review the case. Brown alleges that he suffered child abuse that should have been raised in his trial. The Ninth Circuit Appeal Court ordered Fogel to review the case because California law stipulates that inmates should choose between gas chambers and lethal injections, not the drugs themselves. Fogel acknowledged his offer to Brown was "false" and stopped the execution to allow time to determine whether the new injection procedure was aimed at the defense argument of cruel and unusual punishment. The appellate court also noted that the supply of sodium thiopental prison, the drug needed for deadly injections, expired on October 1. A state appeal to continue the execution at 7 pm. on September 30 was unanimously rejected by the California Supreme Court. California and other countries have run out of drugs because Hospira producers can not meet demand at least until January 2011 due to raw material supply issues. State Attorney General Jerry Brown (no relation) recommends halting the execution process until the required supplies are secured. His office stated that a new date would be scheduled as soon as possible legally.
On October 6, 2010, the state attorney general's office told Judge Fogel in court that the state had obtained enough sodium thiopental up to four more executions. Scott Kernan of the California Department of Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation called the Arizona Defense Department a "lifesaver" to provide 12 grams of the drug after the Texas Department of Justice rejected a similar request. The state of California spends $ 36,415 to get an additional 521 grams of sodium thiopental from Archimedes Pharma from the United Kingdom until 2014. Fogel states that he understands the country will request a new execution date no earlier than 30 days after the trial, which is expected in 2011. Sister Susan Louise Jordan, Karen, criticized his family's tribulations caused by the delay: "The appeals process in California has proven to be nothing more than a war against justice and the victims' rights and the never-ending wars of their families."
Execution politician
Brown's lawyers blamed the move to execute their clients on a tight race between Jerry Brown and Meg Whitman for the California governor's election in 2010 to replace governor Schwarzenegger. State Attorney General Jerry Brown's office is pushing to continue the death penalty after the adoption of new regulations in California. The Republican nomination candidate, Whitman, claimed, "None of this box with Jerry Brown's record." Democratic campaigner Jerry Brown, who pledged to "enforce the law" of California, denied any connection between the case and the election. Attorney Rod Pacheco, who supports Whitman, says it's unfair to accuse Jerry Brown of using executions for political gain, because they never discussed the case. Jerry Brown was quoted as saying, "Albert Greenwood Brown Jr. deserves everything he has come to him with regard to the legal process, I have no doubt that his execution will be done quickly and on time." Jerry Brown won the election in November 2010.
See also
- Debate on capital punishment
- Death sentence in California
- The death penalty in the United States
- John David's Duty
- List of inmates of death penalty in the United States
References
External links
- The People v. Albert Greenwood Brown, Jr.; 726 P.2d 516 - Supreme Court of California (December 5, 1985)
- Albert Greenwood Brown v. Steven W. Ornoski, Warden; No. 05-99008 - 9th Circuit Court of Appeal U.S. (June 14, 2007)
- Uninstall Albert Greenwood Brown, Jr. - Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (ends on September 29, 2010)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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